Varicose veins of the lower extremities are a problem that people only interfere in the stage of the occurrence of pronounced changes in the state of the blood vessel-crimson bags over the skin, swollen veins or extensive clusters of "asterisks".
All the above - already delayed manifestations of blood vessels, and the first symptoms usually pay little attention and write unpleasant sensations on ordinary tiredness.And in vain: The treatment of varicose veins in the early stages is most effective and economical.
The mechanism of the occurrence of varicose veins
In order to understand the mechanism for the development of varicose veins, you need to know how the blood circulates through the vessels of the legs.It rises from the bottom up and overcomes the power of earthly attraction.This requires a certain pressure that remains normal if the blood does not meet any obstacles in its way.The pump function here is carried out by the foot muscles, and the venous valves block the release of blood from deep veins into the surface.
If this mechanism is disturbed (for example with constant compression of the legs of the legs with too narrow linen or shoes, large static loads), the body must increase blood pressure to push it up.
A valve failure develops in which the return flow is observed - the reverse blood emission from deep veins in superficial.
A forced increase in blood pressure in certain areas of the veins leads to excessive stretching and premature exhaustion of the walls of blood vessels, which makes it visible or purple subcutaneous nodes.
However, the problem is not only exhausted by deteriorating the occurrence of the legs: varicose veins of the lower extremities inevitably contain many complications that can lead to disability and even the death of a person.
Causes of varicose veins
Venous and venous failure is the main reason for the development of varicose veins, but there are many factors that begin the pathology mechanism at some point.
Such factors can be attributed to a genetic predisposition (naturally from the weak walls and valves of the veins), and that from the outside the functional condition of the vein apparatus of the legs influences:
- Constant and very significant static stress on the feet of representatives of "standing" professions - sellers, hairdressers, surgeons, dentists;
- Lifting weights from which the vessels of the legs suffer from straps and reversal;
- Bad habits (smoking that cause chronic vascular spasm);
- Forced and long -term residence session (air travel, work on the computer), where the limbs are constantly pressed over the knees;
- Wear uncomfortable underwear and shoes (stocking on elastic bands and narrow shoes).
Some physiological conditions and diseases contribute to the development of varicose veins of the lower extremities:
- Pregnancy;
- Excessive abundance;
- Chronic constipation by diseases of the intestine, thyroid gland, error in nutrition;
- Reception of contraceptives to protect against pregnancy or correction of the hormonal background for some diseases.
Symptoms of varicose veins of the veins of the lower extremities
When the disease is just beginning, the symptoms are a little alarming because it is expressed weakly and quickly after a long calm and sleep.In short, it can be called syndrome heavy legs, which is manifested as follows:
- Soft edema on the feet and ankles that appear at the end of the day or in the heat and disappear completely in the morning;
- Increased tiredness of the legs, a feeling of severity in them even after minor loads;
- Cramps in the calf muscles at night;
- Strong itching in the legs (especially at night).
The appearance of edema in the early stage of the varicose veins is initially only characterized in the area of the ankles and the back of the feet, and with the progression of the disease, the edema increases over the legs.
The skin in the affected places changes the color, becomes bluish and then captures a purple shadow that specialists viewed as a sign of the development of chronic venous insufficiency.In the most advanced cases, trophic ulcers appear on the legs.
How a disease disease is diagnosed
As mentioned above, people hardly pay attention to the condition of their legs at the beginning of the disease and only go to the doctor after many years.
Of course, such clear symptoms, combined with complaints about pain and difficulties, speaks to the movement, for themselves, but phlebologists are never limited to inspection.
Special samples and ultrasound methods are used for a more precise evaluation of the state of the legs of the legs: these diagnostic measures enable them to find out the state of the venous flaps and the degree of continuousness.
The most comprehensive idea of the condition of the venous system with varicose veins of the lower extremities results in an ultrasound study -duplex scanning or in front of paperography.Within half an hour, the specialist receives absolutely objective and precise information about the condition of the walls and flaps of blood vessels, the passage of the veins, the presence of thrombed areas.The results of the study form the basis of the selected treatment tactics - outpatient or surgical.
Treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities
Depending on the degree of vascular lesions, the doctor chooses the tactics of the treatment.
Conservative treatment
Conservative treatment is used in cases where the veins are not yet too expanded or there are contraindications against operations.
Such a therapy consists of constant wearing special compression linen and elastic bandages as well as in the use of medicines - phlebotonics, diuretics to eliminate swelling and medication to improve blood microcirculation in tissues.
Nutrition plays an important role: In order to prevent further deterioration in the venous state, patients are recommended to limit salt and drink.
Patients are recommended for classes in physiotherapy courses in which they are offered to carry out special exercises to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and to improve blood circulation in the legs.
With a slight degree of varicose veins, swimming and warm foot baths with a small amount of table salt are useful.
Surgical treatment
Surgical operations are prescribed to prevent returns (reverse blood that throws from deep veins into the surface).They bring the most effective results because they radically solve the problem - the excision of the tribes of large and small subcutaneous veins with the bandage of the affected communication veins.
However, such treatment has their own contraindications.
The surgical intervention is prohibited from:
- Diseases of the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys;
- Pregnancy;
- Existing purulent priorities.
Sclerotherapy is considered the most economical and effective methodology for the treatment of varicose veins (by the way not only foot).Its purpose is to destroy the intimacy of the VENE affected, for which a special sclerosing solution is introduced there.Next, the walls of the veins stick together without the formation of a blood clot.
Several such manipulations enable them to achieve a complete narrowing of the varicose veins and “switch them off from the system of venous blood flow.
Sclerotherapy is low -traumatic, absolutely painless, and the rehabilitation period after the course of such injections is between one month to three - and no serious restrictions on motor activity are required.
Varicose veins are not only ugly, but also dangerous: an advanced pathology often immobilizes the patients, and the high probability of developing venous thrombosis does not rule out the occurrence of serious and impressive complication.
To prevent such a final, take care of your legs from childhood: follow the weight, move enough, do not forget the breaks during the performance of many hours of sedentary work and tolerate the severity properly.
Cramp prevention: Risk groups
- The work associated with a permanent stay in the standing or seating position is a direct reference to the acceptance of preventive measures.Don't wait for the symptoms to appear.From an evolutionary point of view, only two regimes are correct for the human body - the position of lying down and movement.In the first case, the blood drainage is facilitated, since gravity in the second - intensely functioning muscles perform a similar function of the pump.The stationary load for veins is destructive.
- The second direct display is pregnancy.This load is temporary, but significant because it consists of two components: increase in weight and large volume of blood and lymph.
- The third advertisement is an inherited predisposition.Weakening of the walls of blood vessels and as a result is also manifested in children.
Prevention with a seated lifestyle
The normal blood flow ensures a horizontal, preferably increased position of the legs with straight knees.When working in an office or an institution, it is difficult to take such a situation, but some techniques to improve blood circulation can be used.
- Periodic placement of elongated legs on the table, the perfect height is on the level of the heart.
- The leg stands under the table the pressure on the veins.
- The stress and relaxation of the ankle, the rotation of the feet, the flexion of the toes bend the caviar muscles and increase blood flow.
- Every hour you have to get up for 8-10 minutes to stretch: go, make a few jumps.Smoking near the toilet does not apply to preventive measures.
Preventive measures with vertical inpatient stress
The constant stay in an upright position is no less dangerous.The prevention of varicose veins indeed runs on the same mechanism: activation of the work of the lower leg muscles.
- Slow to walk, for example in the shop, there is no payload.To achieve the effect of walking, it should be quick.Ascent that runs up the stairs has a real effect.
- Due to the rotation of the feet, the movement of the feet up and down with excitement, the ankle muscles work.
- If you lift on socks, roll the same effect from the toe to the heel.
- Once every two hours you have to take a seated position.At the same time, extended legs have to be placed to the height - the "Cowboy" pose.
An excellent additional remedy for seated work and on the legs are cold legs for legs and overview.
Physical activity
This is the best way to prevent and treat.This type of preventing varicose veins can be carried out at home.
Remove your legs regularly.This is the best prevention during the seat work.
- The normal blood circulation largely depends on the function of the muscles.In this case, a prerequisite is exactly the load.The muscles should work intensively, so that a slow walk of 20 minutes is of no use.Hour efficient sports that go for a walk for 5 minutes.
- Aerobics, dancing, running - the muscles of the lower leg and feet are actively reduced during class.
- Cycling - at the same time reduces the mechanical load when the weight of the body disappears and increases muscle pollution.
- Swimming - The third is added to the two factors mentioned: the horizontal position of the legs.Swimming is the best prevention of varicose veins.
- Classes about simulators - requires advice from a doctor and a trainer because the mechanical muscle pollution increases with good muscle stress.
A massage is a good help, it improves blood and lymphatic drainage.However, it is impossible to replace the physical activity with massage.
Compression knitting pathways
It is prescribed and used when the symptoms of varicose veins occur.The effect is based on mechanical pressures of advanced surface veins.Knitting routes do not affect deep vessels.
Compression lines generated in the form of socks, golf, stocking and tights.The maximum pressure is on the ankle section - 100%, in the upper thigh is 40%.The movement of the blood is thus facilitated.
The size of the pressure is different.When labeling products, the maximum pressure and the compression class are given.
Compression underwear has contraindications:
- Chronic diseases of arteries - endoarthteritis, atheriosclerosis, orthoarthterite;
- Inflammatory skin diseases, dermatitis, eczema and so on;
- Septic phlebitis, heart axis failure;
- Diabetes mellitus - a doctor's consultation is required because diabetes often damage the vessels of the legs.
Prevention of the disease during pregnancy
Prevention during pregnancy includes the same measures as when working or a longer stay on the feet.A significant difference is a gradual decrease in the load.
- Compression knitting paths, if there are no contraindications, is prescribed after 12-13 weeks.Usually these are tights of grade 1-2 that do not put pressure on the stomach.
- After 10 weeks, an association that supports the uterus can be assigned.In this case, the pressure on the veins of the legs decreases, which improves blood drainage.
- Aerobics and swimming, especially the last one, are available, but always go, but always at a quick pace.Slow movement does not activate the functioning of the muscles.
- If possible, you should put your legs on the pillow.
- It is necessary to avoid thermal interventions - a bath house, a sauna, as heat contributes to the expansion of arteries.As a result, blood flow improves and the drain slows down, which leads to stagnation.
Varicose veins are much easier to warn or stop in the early stages if only surface veins were exposed to changes.In this case, only vascular stars and the need to follow the recommendations described above remain the "memory".The damage to veins with deeply pushed veins requires longer treatment to surgical interventions.